50 Things That Made the Modern Economy - Market Research

US car makers had it good. As quickly as they could manufacture cars, people bought them. By 1914, that was changing. In higher price brackets, especially, purchasers and dealerships were becoming choosier. One commentator warned that the retailers could no longer sell what their own judgement dictated – they must sell what the consumer wanted. That commentator was Charles Coolidge Parlin, widely recognised as the man who invented the very idea of market research. The invention of market research marks an early step in a broader shift from a “producer-led” to “consumer-led” approach to business – from making something then trying to persuade people to buy it, to trying to find out what people might buy and then making it. One century later, the market research profession is huge: in the United States alone, it employs around half a million people. Producer: Ben Crighton Editors: Richard Knight and Richard Vadon (Image: Market research, Credit: Bildagentur Zoonar GmbH/Shutterstock)

The Gist - The Year MTV Took Over the Charts

In 1982, MTV started guiding Billboard’s taste in music. The year was filled with elaborate videos and cheesy ballads. Chris Molanphy takes us through all the hand claps and synth vibes of that year’s Billboard hits. Molanphy writes Slate’s Why Is This Song No. 1 column and hosts the podcast Hit Parade

In the Spiel: The last time anything good happened to Donald Trump. 

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The Gist - Is This the End of Steve Bannon?

Did Steve Bannon really misunderstand the meaning of off the record during his now-infamous “interview” with the American Prospect? “Yup,” says Joshua Green, author of Devil’s Bargain, a book about Bannon’s influence on the Trump presidency. Green addresses the latest rumors of Bannon’s political demise, and tries to sort out why, exactly, Trump’s chief strategist always wears three shirts at once. 

In the Spiel, a nuclear war with North Korea no longer feels inevitable. So what now? 

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Pod Save America - “The dog whistle is now a bullhorn.”

Trump’s press conference goes off the rails as he defends the ‘fine people’ who were chanting Nazi slogans in Charlottesville, and the world reacts to the madness. Then Jon and Dan talk to VICE News Tonight correspondent Elle Reeve about her Charlottesville reporting, as well as the Southern Poverty Law Center’s Lecia Brooks about the rise of white supremacist extremism. 

The Gist - The Overreaction Doctrine

Political scientist Moshe Maor says Donald Trump’s policy ideas are very, very over-the-top. But that’s exactly the point. On issues like immigration and transgender service members, bold overreactions are the only kind of policies that speak to cynical voters. “People want immediate action,” says Maor. “Morality aside, Trump is playing his cards right.” Maor is a professor at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.

In the Spiel, is Donal Trump a smart racist or a stupid racist?

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The Gist - Why Are Police Unions So Aggressive?

Guest host Leon Neyfakh speaks with retired Boston cop Tom Nolan about the politics of police unions. While unions in other industries put on a progressive face to the world, police unions tend to be defensive of everything from disrespecting the mayor of New York to rough treatment of prisoners. But Nolan says he’s encouraged by their recent condemnation of President Trump’s comments about police violence. “I think they know the speaker of those words does not know what the hell he was talking about,” says Nolan, who now teaches at Merrimack College

In the Spiel, Google is a massive company. It’s also an increasingly bad search engine.

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