Social Science Bites - Claudia Goldin on the Gender Pay Gap

Historically and into the present day, female workers overall make less than men. Looking at college-educated women in the United States, Harvard University economic historian Claudia Goldin studies the origins, causes and persistence of that gap, which she discusses in this Social Science Bites podcast.

Goldin, whose most recent book is Career & Family: Women's Century-Long Journey toward Equity, details for host David Edmonds how the figures she uses are determined. Specifically, it’s the ratio of female-to-male weekly earnings for those working full-time and year-round, with the median woman compared to the median man. “Expressed in this way, there has been real progress” in the last century, she says. Today in the United States, where Goldin’s studies occur, that number is below 85 cents on the dollar.

While that trend is good news, it’s not the whole story. “By expressing this gap in this single number we miss the really, really important dynamics, and that is that the gender earnings pay gap widens a lot with age and it widens a lot with [having] children, and it widens in the corporate, banking and finance, and law sectors.”

And while the gap may have narrowed, it shows no evidence it’s about to close.

Acknowledging the “persistent frustration” about the pay gap’s durability, Goldin pointed a finger at structural inequities, bias and sexual harassment, but she also argues that “greedy work” was a major factor. Greedy work “is a job that pays a disproportionately more on a per hour basis when someone works a greater number of hours or has less control over those hours.” Hence, the gap persists “not so much [because] men and women go into completely different occupations,” she explains, but that women are financially “penalized” for choosing work that allows flexibility within that occupation.

“The important point,” she adds, “is that both lose. Men are able to have the family and step up because women step back in terms of their jobs, but both are deprived. Men forgo time with their family and women often forgo their career.”

But losers can win – eventually. The more that workers say to their supervisors that “we want our own time” the more the labor market will change, she explains by pointing to current trends. One caveat, though, is that the situation is worse among women without college educations.

Goldin is the Henry Lee Professor of Economics at Harvard University and was the director of the National Bureau of Economic Research’s Development of the American Economy program from 1989 to 2017. She is a co-director of the NBER's Gender in the Economy group.

She was president of the American Economic Association in 2013 and was president of the Economic History Association in 1999/2000. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society and a fellow of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Society of Labor Economists (which awarded her its Mincer Prize for life-time contributions in 2009), the Econometric Society, and the Cliometric Society. She received the IZA Prize in Labor Economics in 2016, the 2019 BBVA Frontiers in Knowledge award, and the 2020 Nemmers award, the latter two both in economics.

CoinDesk Podcast Network - CARPE CONSENSUS: From Hero to Zero – The Fall of FTX

“Carpe Consensus” dives into crypto’s biggest story of the year, analyzing the latest developments and lessons learned from the collapse of Sam Bankman-Fried’s FTX exchange.

To kick off the inaugural episode of “Carpe Consensus,” hosts Ben Schiller, Danny Nelson and Cam Thompson tackle crypto’s biggest story of the year: the fall of FTX.

  • [2:05] Crypto Catchup: BlockFi the latest to tumble in FTX contagion
  • [12:00] How a story gets told, as mainstream media and trade publications present varied accounts of FTX’s downfall
  • [30:10] Teaser: CoinDesk’s Most Influential 2022
  • [34:10] Cam’s Corner: A Thanksgiving parade in the metaverse


What’s “Carpe Consensus?” CoinDesk’s newest podcast is for crypto fans and fiends, DeFi degens and non-fungible enthusiasts, while welcoming the crypto curious. Each week, hosts Ben Schiller, Danny Nelson and Cam Thompson thread together the biggest themes in crypto. Consensus speakers and guest experts join the hosts to pull back the curtain on all things crypto and Web3, providing listeners with a balanced look at the state of the industry. Tune in weekly on Thursdays on the CoinDesk Podcast Network.

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“Carpe Consensus” is executive produced by Jared Schwartz and produced and edited by Eleanor Pahl.

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The Intelligence from The Economist - Square dealing: Jiang Zemin dies

The Chinese leader who took over a squabbling party following the Tiananmen Square massacre surprised the world by stifling dissent, overseeing a staggering economic awakening—and occasionally breaking into song. We examine the lessons to be drawn from his legacy. After scores of failures, a new Alzheimer’s treatment shows real promise. And our annual ranking of the world’s most expensive cities.

Help us make the show better: take our listener survey at http://economist.com/intelligencesurvey. For full access to print, digital and audio editions of The Economist, subscribe here www.economist.com/intelligenceoffer

Bay Curious - Homes for All: Richmond’s 1950s Attempt at Integrated Housing

A group of Black ministers convinced a local Richmond developer to build homes that would be available to all Americans, including Black Americans, in the early 1950s long before the Fair Housing Act. We trace the history of that activism and the fate of the community over the decades.


Additional Reading:


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This story was reported by Ariana Proehl. Bay Curious is made by Olivia Allen-Price, Katrina Schwartz, Amanda Font and Brendan Willard. Our Social Video Intern is Darren Tu. Additional support from Cesar Saldana, Jen Chien, Jasmine Garnett, Carly Severn, Jenny Pritchett and Holly Kernan.

The Daily Detail - The Daily Detail for 12.1.22

Alabama

  • 2 people are dead in Montgomery County as a result of tornadoes 
  • Governor Ivey signs letter calling on end to vaccine mandate for military
  • AG Steve Marshall files lawsuit against AL Ethics commission over policy
  • Numbers are out regarding Thanksgiving traffic crashes and fatalities
  • Black Friday sales are up from last year despite the inflation woes

National

  • Democrats choose Hakeem Jeffries of NY to replace Pelosi as leader
  • AZ congressman says he has 20 votes against McCarthy as speaker
  • US House Democrats pass bill to force railway unions to accept deal
  • Federal reserve chairman says another interest rate hike coming
  • CNN prepares to lay off employees before Christmas
  • Apple helps CCP crack down on dissidents with latest IOS updates

Everything Everywhere Daily - The Space Shuttle

Soon after the start of the space race, a major problem with space flight became obvious: it was really expensive.

The high cost of space flight was in large part due to the fact that every rocket and spacecraft was expendable. Every trip meant a new rocket and a new vehicle. 

To solve this problem, in the early 1970s, the United States launched a new program to create a reusable spacecraft. 

Learn more about the rise and fall of the Space Transportation System, aka the Space Shuttle on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily.


Subscribe to the podcast! 

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The NewsWorthy - Congress Intervenes, Brain Chip Prototype & Spotify Wrapped- Thursday, December 1, 2022

The news to know for Thursday, December 1, 2022!

What to know about Congress intervening to stop a major railroad strike: where two bills stand now and reactions to it all.

And history has been made in the U.S. House as someone new takes on a key leadership role.

Also, computers in our brains? Elon Musk says his company will start making it a reality.

Plus, we're talking about Prince William's first trip to the U.S. in nearly a decade and the most streamed artists on Spotify this year.

Those stories and more news to know in around 10 minutes!

Head to www.theNewsWorthy.com/shownotes for sources and to read more about any of the stories mentioned today.

This episode is sponsored by CanvasPrints.com (Listen for the discount code) and BetterHelp.com/newsworthy

Thanks to The NewsWorthy INSIDERS for your support! Become one here: www.theNewsWorthy.com/insider

The Daily Signal - INTERVIEW | ‘The Truth Will Shine’: Tiananmen Square Survivor Has Message for Chinese Protesters

More than 30 years ago, ordinary residents of China protested in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square, where authorities reacted by reportedly killing at least 10,000.

Sean Lin, who traveled to Beijing to attend those protests in 1989, recalls those events as “a historical moment in [China’s] modern history.”

Lin, who served as a U.S. Army microbiologist and is currently an assistant professor in Fei Tian College’s Biomedical Science Department in Middletown, New York, recalls that “not only students actively joined the protests,” but “a lot of civilians from all walks of life all supported this movement.”

“At the time, I think the main theme is anti-corruption because after the Cultural Revolution ended, the Communist Party allowed certain levels of economy reform,” Lin says. “So, many of the party elites quickly get rich using their privilege, using their powers.”

He added: “So, immediately, the Chinese people see the society become polarized … I think it triggered a huge anger against the corruption level at the time.”

Lin brings this frame of reference to discussing the ongoing unrest in China triggered after at least 10 persons died and at least nine were hurt last Thursday in an apartment fire in northwestern China’s Xinjiang region during the nation’s COVID-19 lockdown. 

“I think at that time in the 1980s, people definitely were very, very angry and upset about the corruption level. But at that time, nobody even … call for a step-down of the Communist Party,” Lin says. 

“But now, 33 years later, I think people are totally disappointed and [have] totally lost any confidence in the Communist Party.” 

Lin joins “The Daily Signal Podcast” to talk about his experience during the Tiananmen Square protests, his thoughts on the Biden administration’s response to the current protests in China, and his message to those protesting.


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