CrowdScience - Why am I embarrassed when I fall?

When listener Diana fell on a run on her birthday, her first instinct was not to check her bruised hand, but instead to get up as quickly as possible and act as if nothing had happened. She felt embarrassed. Meanwhile, her son Marley loves to watch fail videos that, mostly, show people falling over. So why does falling – something that can cause serious injury – elicit both embarrassment and laughter?

In the name of CrowdScience, presenter Caroline Steel trips, stumbles and falls. She spends a morning with clown Sean Kempton who teaches her slapstick skills, including how to do it safely.

Psychologist Rowland Miller explains why falling can be embarrassing and shares his theory of why humans have developed this emotion in the first place. Then it’s time for Caroline to try out Diana’s predicament herself. If a BBC presenter falls in a park, will she feel embarrassed? From embarrassment to laughter, psychologist Janet Gibson lists the ingredients of a funny fall, and humour expert Caleb Warren explains how they can get funnier with distance. Then Caroline tries, semi-successfully, to make members of the public laugh. Will clown Sean do a better job?

Presenter: Caroline Steel Producer: Florian Bohr Editor: Cathy Edwards Production coordinators: Ishmael Soriano Sound engineers: Bob Nettles, Tim Heffer and Giles Aspen

Focus on Africa - How did Egypt win its battle against hepatitis C?

Egypt once had the highest rate of hepatitis C in the world, but has now almost completely wiped out the liver attacking virus in less than 10 years. How did they do that?

Could the African mealworm be a solution to tackling plastic waste? Kenyan researchers say the larvae of the darkling beetle species native to Africa can digest plastic in their guts and degrade styrofoam, one the most harmful materials to the environment.

Also in the podcast, how Nigerian pet owners are having to make heartbreaking decisions about their animal companions as the high cost of living continues to squeeze finances.

Presenter: Audrey Brown Producers: Nyasha Michelle, Stefania Okereke, Aimie Liebovitz and Bella Hassan in London. Blessing Aderogba in Lagos Technical Producer: Philip Bull Senior Journalist: Patricia Whitehorne Editors: Alice Muthengi and Andre Lombard

Unexpected Elements - (Re)New Year

Happy New Year! This week, the Unexpected Elements team is reflecting on 2024 and looking forward to 2025 for renewed chances to spot the northern lights while they're at their peak visibility in this current solar cycle, and we recap on cellular regeneration advancements and regulations in embryonic stem cell models. 

We chat to Professor Rene Oudmaijer from the Royal Observatory of Belgium who explains that stars also renew themselves... and this process is key to our lovely planet (and ourselves) existing!  

We also learn all about the potential of bogs and wetlands in the fight against climate change from Professor Christian Dunn of Bangor University. 

With another amazing year behind us, we reminisce about our favourite stories and listener correspondences in 2024. 

And finally, we’re wowed by the regenerative ‘superpowers’ of the magnificent axolotl who has the cellular capabilities to re-grow limbs! 

That, plus many more Unexpected Elements. 

Presenters: Marnie Chesterton and Caroline Steel  Producers: Harrison Lewis, Imaan Moin and William Hornbrook  Sound Engineer: Duncan Hannant

Focus on Africa - Why are more Francophone countries cutting ties with France?

Ivory Coast has confirmed, French troops stationed in the region for decades, will begin withdrawing from Ivorian soil this month. This marks another shift in the growing trend across West Africa, where France is seeing a reduction in their military presence.  An analyst explains the genesis of this resentment.

Also, French President Emmanuel Macron was recently heckled during his visit to cyclone-hit Mayotte.  What's France's relationship with Mayotte?

And will the rights of the Kua people in Botswana, also known as Bushmen, be better under new President Boko Duma's government ?

Presenter: Audrey Brown Producer: Sunita Nahar in London Technical Producer: Jack Graysmark Senior Journalist: Karnie Sharp Editors: Alice Muthengi and Andre Lombard

Focus on Africa - What can Africa expect from President Trump’s second term?

During his first term as US president, Donald Trump had a very limited engagement with Africa, so what will his return to the White House mean for the continent? We hear from a political analyst on the potential opportunities and perils for US-Africa relations.

Did you know that drowning is one of the leading causes of death globally for children and young people under 30? Podcast host Audrey Brown has a conversation with the World Health Organization about how they are helping countries, including in Africa, to devise effective drowning prevention strategies, and she makes a new year resolution that she is determined to keep.

Also in this episode, we meet the remarkable 25-year-old Malawian, Tusaiwe Munkhondya, who through her foundations, has fostered dozens of children and provided help and support to vulnerable people across Malawi.

Presenter: Audrey Brown Producers: Yvette Twagiramariya in London and Susan Gachuhi in Nairobi Senior Producer: Patricia Whitehorne Editors: Andre Lombard and Alice Muthengi

World Book Club - Anne Holt: 1,222

A special programme from the largest public literature house in Europe, Litteraturhuset in Oslo. Harriett Gilbert is joined by one of Scandinavia’s most successful crime writers, Anne Holt. Her novel 1,222 is a tense, twisty story set during a snowstorm in an isolated mountain hotel, a reference to the fact that the hotel is one thousand, two hundred and twenty-two metres above sea level. It features her series detective Hanne Wilhelmsen, no longer in the police force due to being paralysed by a bullet that hit her in the back. Murder, intrigue and a lot of snow pulls her back into what she does best.

Image: Anne Holt (Credit: Lars Eivind Bones)

Focus on Africa - How South Africa’s drug trade is rooted in apartheid rule

South Africa has become a key player in the International drugs trade, that's according to the global crime index. The country has a growing domestic market and now shares trade connections with South America, Europe, Hong Kong and Australia. We'll hear from South African journalist and author Caryn Dolley who has written about how deeply entrenched South Africa is in the international narco scene

Also, why are there so few legal protections for whistleblowers?

And advice on pension funds and why we need to start thinking about it!

Presenter: Audrey Brown Technical Producer: Nick Randell Producers: Rob Wilson and Bella Hassan in London. Blessing Aderogba in Lagos Senior Journalist: Karnie Sharp Editors: Alice Muthengi and Andre Lombard

Focus on Africa - Who is behind the abduction of youths in Kenya?

More than 80 people have been abducted over recent weeks in Kenya, sparking a rise in public anger and more protests on the streets. But why are the kidnappings happening and who is being targeted? We talk to our reporter in Nairobi who has been following events.

Also in this episode, we hear about the journeys of African migrants from West Africa to the Canary Islands, the painful realities that push them away from home, and the dangers that come with crossing the Atlantic ocean.

And we hear from Cape Verde on how the country has managed to transform its agricultural sector after years of a severe drought left it struggling to survive. Could Cape Verde be a model for other African countries?

Presenter: Charles Gitonga Producers: Nyasha Michelle, Victor Sylver and Bella Hassan in London. Susan Gachuhi in Nairobi Senior Producer: Patricia Whitehorne Technical Producer: Philip Bull Editors: Andre Lombard and Alice Muthengi