Lex Fridman Podcast - #494 – Jensen Huang: NVIDIA – The $4 Trillion Company & the AI Revolution

Jensen Huang is the co-founder and CEO of NVIDIA, the world’s most valuable company and the engine powering the AI computing revolution.
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Transcript:
https://lexfridman.com/jensen-huang-transcript

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EPISODE LINKS:
NVIDIA: https://nvidia.com
NVIDIA on X: https://x.com/nvidia
NVIDIA AI on X: https://x.com/NVIDIAAI
NVIDIA on YouTube: https://youtube.com/@nvidia
NVIDIA on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nvidia/
NVIDIA on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/nvidia/
NVIDIA on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NVIDIA/
NVIDIA on GitHub: https://github.com/NVIDIA
Nemotron: https://developer.nvidia.com/nemotron

SPONSORS:
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Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(00:26) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
(06:34) – Extreme co-design and rack-scale engineering
(09:20) – How Jensen runs NVIDIA
(28:41) – AI scaling laws
(43:41) – Biggest blockers to AI scaling laws
(45:25) – Supply chain
(47:20) – Memory
(53:25) – Power
(58:45) – Elon and Colossus
(1:02:13) – Jensen’s approach to engineering and leadership
(1:07:38) – China
(1:15:51) – TSMC and Taiwan
(1:21:06) – NVIDIA’s moat
(1:26:43) – AI data centers in space
(1:30:31) – Will NVIDIA be worth $10 trillion?
(1:40:40) – Leadership under pressure
(1:54:26) – Video games
(2:01:18) – AGI timeline
(2:03:31) – Future of programming
(2:17:02) – Consciousness
(2:23:23) – Mortality

PODCAST LINKS:
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Python Bytes - #474 Astral to join OpenAI

Topics covered in this episode:
Watch on YouTube

About the show

Sponsored by us! Support our work through:

Brian #1: Starlette 1.0.0

  • As a reminder, Starlette is the foundation for FastAPI
  • Starlette 1.0 is here! - fun blog post from Marcello Trylesinski
  • “The changes in 1.0 were limited to removing old deprecated code that had been on the way out for years, along with a few bug fixes. From now on we'll follow SemVer strictly.”
  • Fun comment in the “What’s next?” section:
    • “Oh, and Sebastián, Starlette is now out of your way to release FastAPI 1.0. 😉”
  • Related: Experimenting with Starlette 1.0 with Claude skills
    • Simon Willison
    • example of the new lifespan mechanism, very pytest fixture-like
      @contextlib.asynccontextmanager
      async def lifespan(app):
      async with some_async_resource():
          print("Run at startup!")
          yield
          print("Run on shutdown!")
      app = Starlette(
      routes=routes,
      lifespan=lifespan
      )
      

Michael #2: Astral to join OpenAI

  • via John Hagen, thanks
  • Astral has agreed to join OpenAI as part of the Codex team
  • Congrats Charlie and team
  • Seems like **Ruff** and uv play an important roll.
  • Perhaps ty holds the most value to directly boost Codex (understanding codebases for the AI)
  • All that said, these were open source so there is way more to the motivations than just using the tools.
  • After joining the Codex team, we'll continue building our open source tools.
  • Simon Willison has thoughts
  • discuss.python.org also has thoughts
  • The Ars Technica article has interesting comments too
  • It’s probably the death pyx
    • Simon points out “pyx is notably absent from both the Astral and OpenAI announcement posts.”

Brian #3: uv audit

  • Submitted by Owen Lemont
  • Pieces of uv audit have been trickling in. uv 0.10.12 exposes it to the cli help
  • Here’s the roadmap for uv audit
  • I tried it out on a package and found a security issue with a dependency
    • not of the project, but of the testing dependencies
    • but only if using Python < 3.10, even though I’m using 3.14
  • Kinda cool
  • Looks like it generates a uv.lock file, which includes dependencies for all project supported versions of Python and systems, which is a very thorough way to check for vulnerabilities.
  • But also, maybe some pointers on how to fix the problem would be good. No --fix yet.

Michael #4: Fire and forget (or never) with Python’s asyncio

  • Python’s asyncio.create_task() can silently garbage collect your fire-and-forget tasks starting in Python 3.12
  • Formerly fine async code can now stop working, so heads up
  • The fix? Use a set to upgrade to a strong ref and a callback to remove it
  • Is there a chance of task-based memory leaks? Yeah, maybe.

Extras

Brian:

Joke: We now have translation services

Big Technology Podcast - OpenAI’s Superapp Ambitions, Jensen on Jobs, Bezos’s $100 Billion Automation Fund

Ranjan Roy from Margins is back for our weekly discussion of the latest tech news. We cover: 1) OpenAI leadership says no more side quests 2) The company is focusing on enterprise and coding 3) Does this mean consumer AI is dead? 4) OpenAI's new focus era 5) Why OpenAI is building a Superapp 6) OpenAI partners with the consultants 7) Most first time AI buyers are choosing Anthropic 8) Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang says those who use AI to cut jobs lack imagination 9) The Metaverse is dead, or is it? 10) Jeff Bezos is raising $100 billion to automate industrial work 11) Do you dry chat?

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The Stack Overflow Podcast - After all the hype, was 2025 really the year of AI agents?

Ryan is joined by Stefan Weitz, CEO and co-founder of the HumanX Conference, for a conversation on how AI has evolved in the last year. They discuss whether “the year of the agent” came to fruition, why companies are moving away from AGI, and the major blockers for AI adoption, from distrust in non-deterministic systems to enterprise data-readiness. 

Episode notes: 

HumanX 2026, one of the biggest AI conferences of the year, is happening in San Francisco from April 6-9. Listen to our episodes recorded on the conference floor last year. 

Connect with Stefan on LinkedIn.

Congrats to Populist badge recipient humblebee for winning the badge for their answer to How to open/run YML compose file?.

TRANSCRIPT

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Talk Python To Me - #541: Monty – Python in Rust for AI

When LLMs write code to accomplish a task, that code has to actually run somewhere. And right now, the options aren't great. Spin up a sandboxed container and you're paying a full second of cold start overhead plus the complexity of another service. Let the LLM loose on your actual machine and... well, you'd better be watching.

On this episode, I sit down with Samuel Colvin, creator of Pydantic, now at 10 billion downloads, to explore Monty, a Python interpreter written from scratch in Rust, purpose-built to run LLM-generated code. It starts in microseconds, is completely sandboxed by design, and can even serialize its entire state to a database and resume later. We dig into why this deliberately limited interpreter might be exactly what the AI agent era needs.

Episode sponsors

Talk Python Courses
Python in Production

Guest
Samuel Colvin: github.com

CPython: github.com
IronPython: ironpython.net
Jython: www.jython.org
Pyodide: pyodide.com
monty: github.com
Pydantic AI: pydantic.dev
Python AI conference: pyai.events
bashkit: github.com
just-bash: github.com
Narwhals: narwhals-dev.github.io
Polars: pola.rs
Strands Agents: aws.amazon.com
Subscribe Running Pydantic’s Monty Rust sandboxed Python subset in WebAssembly: simonwillison.net
Rust Python: github.com
Valgrind: valgrind.org
Cod Speed: codspeed.io

Watch this episode on YouTube: youtube.com
Episode #541 deep-dive: talkpython.fm/541
Episode transcripts: talkpython.fm

Theme Song: Developer Rap
🥁 Served in a Flask 🎸: talkpython.fm/flasksong

---== Don't be a stranger ==---
YouTube: youtube.com/@talkpython

Bluesky: @talkpython.fm
Mastodon: @talkpython@fosstodon.org
X.com: @talkpython

Michael on Bluesky: @mkennedy.codes
Michael on Mastodon: @mkennedy@fosstodon.org
Michael on X.com: @mkennedy

Code Story: Insights from Startup Tech Leaders - S12 Bonus: Reannah Wyatt, The Real Time

Reannah Wyatt is from Bandera, TX, raised on a 4th generation cattle and horse ranch. Eventually, she went to West Texas for school, rodeoing for Howard University, specifically barrel racing. She eventually started selling residential real estate, and fell in love with the industry. Outside of tech and real estate, she is a mom and still loves horses and cattle. She doesn't ride anymore, but leans more into the breeding side of the animals.

Reannah was in residential real estate for over a decade, and was in the mix when Zillow was launched. The platform helped her grow her business, and she knew this was where the industry was headed. But what she couldn't understand was... why wasn't there something built to track the end to end real estate process and transaction?

This is the creation story of The Real Time.

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The Stack Overflow Podcast - Building a global engineering team (plus AI agents) with Netlify

In this episode of Leaders of Code, Stack Overflow’s Chief of Product and Technology, Jody Bailey, sits down with Dana Lawson, CTO at Netlify. Dana shares her insights on leading a lean, globally distributed engineering team that powers 5% of the internet. The conversation touches on the realities of remote work, the importance of maintaining a written culture, and why Dana believes AI and agents are lowering the barrier to entry for builders everywhere.

The discussion also:

  • Explores how to manage a polyglot environment and the trade-offs between adopting nascent tech and maintaining operational reliability with a globally distributed team.
  • Highlights Netlify’s approach to AI integration and how Dana addresses the natural scepticism from those hesitant to hand over control to AI.
  • Covers realities of technical debt and how Netlify balances rapid product work with scaling.


Notes

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Big Technology Podcast - Are We Screwed If AI Works? — With Andrew Ross Sorkin

Andrew Ross Sorkin is an anchor at CNBC, columnist at The New York Times, and author of 1929, a bestselling book about the worst market crash in history. Sorkin joins Big Technology Podcast to discuss whether AI achieving its potential could lead to a similar crash, either via a labor shock or the disruption of software. Stay tuned for the second half where we discuss private credit risks, prediction market gambling, and the SpaceX IPO. Hit play for a dynamic conversation about where AI could lead, and its potential economic benefits or consequences.


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Chapters:

0:00 Introduction

3:37 Could AI's Success Cause a Market Crash?

7:02 The Mass Unemployment Question

34:39 Private Credit Explained

39:09 Private Credit Alarm Bells

42:43 The AI Debt Risk

47:14 The Prison of Financial Mediocrity

54:38 Could We Have a 1929-Scale Crash?

56:11 Fed Independence

1:03:08 The SpaceX IPO

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The Stack Overflow Podcast - Keeping the lights on for open source

Ryan sits down with Chainguard CEO Dan Lorenc to chat about how his team is keeping the foundation of the internet—open source projects—alive by forking archived but widely-used repos to provide security maintenance and dependency upgrades. They also discuss open source’s sustainability problems when it comes to funding, security, and maintainer burnout, and how trusted stewardship can reduce risk when maintainers step away.

Episode notes: 

Chainguard provides secure-by-default open source artifacts for the modern software stack, keeping important open source projects maintained instead of archived.

Chainguard just announced a whole bunch of new stuff at their user conference, Assemble

Connect with Dan on LinkedIn.

Congrats to user Andreas Grapentin for winning a Lifejacket badge for their answer to Nested if-statement in loop vs two separate loops.

TRANSCRIPT

See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Code Story: Insights from Startup Tech Leaders - S12 E10: Dane Witbeck, Pinwheel

Dane Witbeck grew up in Georgia, and has always had an entrepreneurial spirit. He was the kid selling ripped CD's in school, along with other odds and ends. He went to Georgia Tech to study engineering, and eventually went on to join a startup called Meshify, in the iOT place - which eventually was bought by a large insurance company. Outside of tech, he is married with 4 kids. He is involved in many entrepreneurial groups around Austin, and is the proud owner of a 1969 Ford Bronco - which he enjoys getting out of town in and camping.

Post his prior startup, Dane was on the lookout for problems to solve. He observed his son's friend getting a hand-me-down iPhone, and it hit him that he was going to have to monitor this as his children got phones. As he started to dig into what was available, he realized there wasn't a good solution... and decided to build his own.

This is the creation story of Pinwheel.

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