The Apollo 11 mission to land humans on the moon was one of the most complex things ever undertaken by humanity. They had to prepare for any and every eventuality, including the failure of the mission.
To cover that eventually, President Nixon’s speechwriter wrote a speech to cover that eventuality.
Learn more about the speech which Richard Nixon never had to give, on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily.
He was a painter, a writer, sculptor, photographer, and one of the most significant avant-garde artists of the 20th century.
He was also a showman, celebrity, and one of the well-known personalities in the world.
...and he had one of the most famous mustaches in history.
Learn more about Salvador Dali on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily.
Fast-growing bamboo has gone in and out of fashion but is now being seen as a possible climate hero. Its capacity to absorb carbon is enhanced by how densely it can be grown, the speed and its regrowth after harvesting - a great advantage over trees.
Tom Heap meets Arief Rabiek from the Environmental Bamboo Foundation based in Indonesia. He's working to restore degraded land by planting bamboo which can be managed by communities on a forest to factory system. The harvested product can be used for building structures and furniture through to vases baskets and clothing. He wants to expand the project to nine other countries to bring economic and environmental benefits but are some uses better than others? Dr Tamsin Edwards helps evaluate the scope of bamboo as a solution.
Producer: Anne-Marie Bullock
Researcher: Sarah Goodman
Produced in conjunction with the Royal Geographical Society. Particular thanks for this episode to Professor Vincent Gauci of the University of Birmingham.
Cattle emit huge quantities of planet-warming methane. But they can be stopped! Tom Heap meets Eileen Wall from SRUC, Scotland's Rural College who introduces him to a host of cunning carbon-cutting ideas- from seaweed in the feed and gas masks for cows to barns that can convert methane into energy to power the farm.
Tom is joined by Tamsin Edwards of King's College, London to calculate just how much difference these ideas might make to our warming Earth. Are those the best answers or should we all be persuaded to cut our meat consumption?
Producer: Alasdair Cross
Researcher: Sarah Goodman
Produced in conjunction with the Royal Geographical Society. Particular thanks for this episode to Professor Vincent Gauci of University of Birmingham and to Dr Michelle Cain of Cranfield University.
Is logging always bad for the planet? A team from The Nature Conservancy in the United States believe they have developed a way to cut down the trees we need for construction without damaging tropical forests or adding to our carbon emissions.
Tom Heap meets Peter Ellis, the man behind Reduced Impact Logging, and his Indonesian colleagues, Purnomo and Ruslandi, who are persuading the foresters of Borneo to take up the new techniques.
Back in the UK, climate scientist, Tamsin Edwards joins Tom to crunch the numbers- how much carbon dioxide could these ideas save?
Producer: Alasdair Cross
Researcher: Sarah Goodman
Produced in conjunction with the Royal Geographical Society. Particular thanks for this episode to Professor David Coomes from the University of Cambridge and to Professor Michelle Pinard and Professor David Burslem from the University of Aberdeen.
While at sea or in port, the hull of a ship can be an attractive new residence for all sorts or creatures. The initial slime build-up can provide a welcome mat for more and more creatures. This 'biofouling' can end up being inches think and heavy in weight as well as stopping the streamlining of the vessel. The drag caused can result in more fuel being needed to keep the ship moving forwards at the same speed - more cost and more carbon.
Tom Heap meets a new stowaway on ships which will help fight the build up. Paint company Jotun has now developed the Hullskater robot. Monitoring of conditions will alert when the robot needs to be deployed on missions - with its magnetic wheels and high definition cameras it inspects the surface and uses brushes to remove the build up.
With an increasing fleet of ships, Dr Tamsin Edwards from Kings College London also reflects on other measures to keep hulls free of build up and alternative fuels that might help the international fleet reduce its carbon impact.
Producer: Anne-Marie Bullock
Researcher: Sarah Goodman
Produced in conjunction with the Royal Geographical Society. Particular thanks for this episode to Professor Bharathram Ganapathisubramani from the University of Southampton.
Historically, an army would have days, weeks, or even months to prepare for war.
However, with the development of intercontinental missiles and nuclear weapons, the time for preparation was reduced to hours or even minutes.
In light of these changes, it was necessary to develop a system that allowed for rapid mobilization and readiness.
Learn more about the DEFCON system, and the history of its level changes, on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily.
If I were to say “prisoner of war interrogator” something rather menacing probably comes to mind.
If I were to say “Nazi prisoner of war interrogator” something really menacing probably comes to mind.
And If I were to say the “the greatest Nazi prisoner of war interrogator”, you are probably imagining a truly horrifying, evil person.
Learn more about Hanns Schraff, and his surprising story, on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily.
There are already examples around the world where the manufacturer helps to pay for the safe disposal of waste from their goods once used - such as electronic items or bottles. But what about the carbon dioxide produced from fossil fuels?
Tom hears about the 'Carbon Take Back Obligation' concept - in which oil and gas producers would have to capture and store C02 - ratcheting up from 1% of what they produce by 2023, to 10% in 2030 and 100% by 2050. Some say it's impossible to meet the aims of the Paris Climate Agreement without it.
But where would all that carbon dioxide go? How much storage space would we need for it and how much of the cost would trickle down to the petrol pump?
Dr Tamsin Edwards of King's College, London, armed with statistics gathered by the Royal Geographical Society, joins Tom to add up the numbers.
Producer: Anne-Marie Bullock
Researcher: Sarah Goodman
Produced in conjunction with the Royal Geographical Society. Particular thanks for this episode to Professor Stephen Peake of the Open University and Dr Chris Hope of the University of Cambridge.
For more information on the Carbon Take Back Obligation www.carbontakeback.org
Navigation on the open ocean is extremely difficult. It is a skill that takes years to master.
Even with years of skill, an experienced mariner was still able to ground their ship on an unseen reef, underwater rocks, or a sandbar, because they didn’t know their precise location.
The main problem, which was unsolved for centuries, was determining your longitude.
Learn more about the longitude problem, and how it was eventually solved, on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily.
